(1) Visual Identification
Bio-organic fertilizer is fully decomposed through fermentation under the action of beneficial microorganisms, presenting a brown or black-brown appearance with a relatively uniform color. In contrast, other organic fertilizers show varied colors due to different production processes: for example, refined organic fertilizer retains the original color of manure, while farmyard manure, which is piled up in the open air, has significant color variations.
(2) Water Immersion and Odor Test
Place different organic fertilizers separately in cups filled with water. Refined organic fertilizer and farmyard manure emit a strong foul odor because they are either unfermented or incompletely fermented, whereas bio-organic fertilizer does not produce such an odor.
(1) The nutrients contained in organic fertilizers are not universal. Organic fertilizers contain a wide variety of nutrients, which is an advantage compared with chemical fertilizers that have a single nutrient composition. However, their nutrient ratio is unbalanced and cannot meet the requirements for high yield and high quality of crops.
(2) Organic fertilizers decompose slowly with a delayed fertilizer effect. Although organic fertilizers contain a complete range of nutrient elements, their content is relatively low, and they decompose slowly in the soil. When the application rate of organic fertilizers is not sufficiently high, it is difficult to meet crops' demand for nutrient elements.
(3) Organic fertilizers need to undergo fermentation treatment. Many organic fertilizers carry pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds, and some contain organic compounds that are unfavorable to crop growth. Therefore, all organic fertilizers must be applied only after being subjected to composting, fermentation and processing; raw manure must not be directly applied to the field.
(4) Taboos for the use of organic fertilizers. Matured organic fertilizers should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers.
1.Urea should not be watered immediately after application.
2.Ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied on the soil surface.
3.Ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied in greenhouses or plastic tunnels.
4.Ammonium nitrogen fertilizers must not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers for application.
5.Nitrate nitrogen fertilizers should not be applied in paddy fields.
6.Ammonium sulfate should not be applied for a long-term duration.
7.Phosphate fertilizers should not be applied in a dispersed manner.
8.Potassium fertilizers should not be applied in the late growth stage of crops.
9.Chloride-containing fertilizers are prohibited from long-term single application, and should be avoided on chlorine-sensitive crops.
10.Nitrogen-containing compound fertilizers should not be used in large quantities on leguminous crops.
The main application methods are as follows:
(1) Application as base fertilizer: Before sowing and during soil preparation, spread the fertilizer on the surface and plough it into the bottom of the plough layer; the optimal depth is generally 10-20 centimeters below the plough layer.
(2) Application as seed fertilizer: It is crucial to maintain an 8-10 centimeter separation between seeds and fertilizer.
(3) Application as fertigation fertilizer: In the later growth stage of crops, dissolve the fertilizer and apply it with irrigation water, which will achieve a better effect.
(4) Application as foliar fertilizer: Dissolve the compound fertilizer in proportion, take the supernatant, and spray it on both the front and back of leaves after 4 p.m. The fertilizer will be fully absorbed within 24 hours, and spraying once every 5-7 days will yield quick results.
